Formulas

Circle area A = pi r^2. Solve for A or r.

2D distance formula (squared form to keep isolation inside Level 3).

Kinetic energy KE = (1/2) m v^2. Solve for KE, m, or v.

Kinematic velocity v = v0 + a t. Solve for v, v0, a, or t.

Kinematic position x = x0 + v0 t + (1/2) a t^2. Solve for t uses the closed-form quadratic.

Line, slope-intercept form y = m x + b. Linear in every variable.

Newton's second law F = m a. Solve for any of F, m, a.

Ohm's law V = I R. Solve for any of V, I, R.

Pythagorean theorem a^2 + b^2 = c^2. Solve for any of the three sides.

Quadratic equation a x^2 + b x + c = 0. SOLVE for x uses the closed-form quadratic; multi-root.

Sphere volume V = (4/3) pi r^3. Solve for V or r (uses CUBIC for the r solve).

Wave phase velocity v = f λ. Solve for v, f, or λ.